O Citoesqueleto como eixo funcional da agressividade tumoral em animais domésticos
Integração estrutural, mecânica e translacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29155/VET.62.226.8Palavras-chave:
Citoesqueleto, Plasticidade epitélio-mesenquimal, Agressividade tumoral, Oncologia veterinária, Animais domésticosResumo
O citoesqueleto é um sistema regulador chave na progressão tumoral, integrando sinais estruturais, bioquímicos e mecânicos que influenciam o comportamento celular. Esta revisão analisou criticamente as evidências sobre as proteínas do citoesqueleto e sua remodelação como indicadores de agressividade tumoral em neoplasias de animais domésticos, com ênfase em cães, gatos, cavalos e bovinos. Foi priorizada a literatura publicada entre 2011 e 2025, incluindo estudos seminais anteriores para fornecer um contexto fundamental ou mecanístico. Evidências imuno-histoquímicas, clinicopatológicas e funcionais indicam que a reorganização da actina, a dinâmica dos microtúbulos, a expressão alterada dos filamentos intermediários e a adesão mediada pela E-caderina estão associadas à invasão, proliferação e plasticidade celular. A expressão aberrante de vimentina em células neoplásicas epiteliais está associada à plasticidade epitélio-mesenquimal, enquanto sua expressão em neoplasias mesenquimais reflete principalmente a linhagem celular e não deve ser considerada, de forma independente, um indicador de agressividade. No entanto, as evidências veterinárias permanecem predominantemente associativas, com validação funcional limitada. De modo geral, o citoesqueleto representa um eixo funcional relevante da agressividade tumoral, com potencial valor diagnóstico e prognóstico, embora seja necessária maior validação experimental.
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