El Citoesqueleto como eje funcional de la agresividad tumoral en animales domésticos
Integración estructural, mecánica y traslacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29155/VET.62.226.8Palabras clave:
Citoesqueleto, Plasticidad epitelio-mesenquimal, Agresividad tumoral, Oncología veterinaria, Animales domésticosResumen
El citoesqueleto es un sistema regulador clave en la progresión tumoral, que integra señales estructurales, bioquímicas y mecánicas que influyen en el comportamiento celular. Esta revisión analizó críticamente la evidencia sobre las proteínas del citoesqueleto y su remodelación como indicadores de agresividad tumoral en neoplasias de animales domésticos, con énfasis en perros, gatos, caballos y bovinos. Se priorizó la literatura publicada entre 2011 y 2025, incluyendo estudios seminales anteriores para proporcionar un contexto fundamental o mecanístico. La evidencia inmunohistoquímica, clínico-patológica y funcional indica que la reorganización de la actina, la dinámica de los microtúbulos, la expresión alterada de los filamentos intermedios y la adhesión mediada por E-cadherina se asocian con invasión, proliferación y plasticidad celular. La expresión aberrante de vimentina en células neoplásicas epiteliales se asocia con plasticidad epitelio-mesenquimal, mientras que su expresión en neoplasias mesenquimales refleja principalmente el linaje celular y no debe considerarse de manera independiente como indicadora de agresividad. Sin embargo, la evidencia veterinaria sigue siendo predominantemente asociativa, con una validación funcional limitada. En conjunto, el citoesqueleto representa un eje funcional relevante de la agresividad tumoral con potencial valor diagnóstico y pronóstico, aunque se requiere mayor validación experimental.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Sociedad de Medicina Veterinaria del Uruguay-Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
